market access in return for technology transfer (PRC policy since the 1980s which gives foreign companies access to China's domestic market in exchange for sharing their intellectual property, characterized by the US in the 2019 trade war as "forced technology transfer")
1.Standard Interchange Code for Generally Used Chinese Characters, a character encoding standard of Taiwan 1986-1992, aka CNS 11643-1986, where CNS stands for Chinese National Standard2.abbr. to 通用码[tōng yòng mǎ]